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The DOI System is not meant to replace existing identifier systems. Instead, it is designed for interoperability; that is to use, or work with, existing identifier and metadata schemes.

The DOI System explicitly recognizes other schemes. The ISO DOI specification (ISO 26324) sets out the specifications for recognizing existing schemes. At minimum, the DOI metadata must record the fact that another registry identifier exists. Additional optional steps are possible, including:

•a consistent way of including the other scheme in the DOI syntax

•a business relationship to facilitate this, by collaboration between the DOI Foundation and the relevant registry
Where such collaboration is agreed, new potential may be unlocked: the ISBN-A application is an example of the linkage of DOI names to an existing registry. For more information, see DOI System and the ISBN System.